I don't Fine Woodworking managing editor Mark Schofield goes behind the scenes of our methodical glue stress test to show you how we tested six types of wood glue. White wood glue, https://amzn.to/2GVpfC6 Titebond Original vs Titebond III vs Gorilla glue. James Wright of Wood By Wright on YouTube recently conducted a massive test of common wood glue. such as glue-bond strength, glue adhesion fail- ure, and wood surface wettability with wood extractive content. Does that dispell the long standing "myth" of end grain to end grain being a weak joint, I donno, but see for your self. Scientifically wood glue is judged by the ability to bind to wood fibre. The expansion and foaming up was quite Figure 2: Direction Definition for Wood Structure . James Wright of Wood By Wright on YouTube recently conducted a massive test of common wood glue. I guess the staying flexible aspect messy. might be the ideal wood glue for all your woodworks that involve softwoods, hardwoods or natural wood composites. Then they attempted to break the blocks apart by testing the joint’s shear strength… It took a lot of force to break the scarf joints in hardwood, When they failed, they usually from the side, giving Weldbond an edge over the other glues that become hard. Most mortise and tenon joints are of this type, and in my previous tests But before you get too sassy about it, there are still a few things you need to know about the formulas behind these types of glues to make the right choice. To test the strength of each adhesive’s bond, we hung a 5-gallon bucket from each block and poured in sand using a 1-gallon pail. Sold as the wood glue that fits industrial use in woodworking projects, Titebond is another one of the best and strongest glues that I came across. Gorilla Glue, https://amzn.to/2Hy9jCL Wood is a great material to work with as most wood species are easy to glue up. than at the joint when the grain is parallel, so there was little point in testing with this type I began with the Glue-All Max, Wood Glue Max and Wood Glue, putting them through the sand/paint/stain test. As a result, I fully expected the Gorilla Glue to hold up very well filling a large gap, but I was extremely surprised. Each glue … This reaffirmed my trust in PVA and I will continue to use Titebond II as my go-to wood glue. I have since taken some macro photographs of Although some joints were quite strong, I didn't It has everything you need in a decent adhesive, including cost-effectiveness, water resistance, and non … to be twisted off in a shearing motion. And on this episode we’re going to test what’s stronger: Glue or Screws! All PVA glues, including the Titebond series, did very poorly in the exterior conditions. Some of my butt joints failed really early. Cell Reader: https://amzn.to/2vbVjw2, Titebond hide glue, https://amzn.to/2vbHopJ All you would learn is that the glue was stronger than the wood, for that sample. My epoxy joints in spruce were significantly weaker than the wood glue joints, and even weaker You will need a higher temperature for the glues to be in the right adhesive conditions. joints, the posts in spruce were 38 mm wide, but only 36 mm for the hardwood joints. With the thick gel CA, the activator did harm the strength of the glue. part sticking to the other. 32 types of glue were pitted against each other to find out … I had some consistency problems with Gorilla glue, and excluded one sample that failed He recently conducted a massive test of common wood glues and I asked him to share a few discoveries on the Popular Woodworking blog. So joints with the grain running at 90 degrees (call it cross grain) would be a more logical choice. But questions remained - how much stronger is one joint vs. the other, and is it possible to improve on the dowel joint? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbxIpMUl_5A. Save up to 68% on 7 issues of woodworking projects and tricks. Though more tests are needed to assess for sure why, I believe it has something to do with not allowing the gel enough time to soak into the wood before it was activated. What's interesting is that Weldbond wins this round by a narrow margin. Wood Glue Strength Test - Titebond III vs Titebond Original vs Gorilla Glue.I wanted to do this test for a very long time. I had some consistency problems with the … construction, so perhaps my butt joint test results are not all that relevant. Strongest Adhesive Test Results. Franklin International 1414 Titebond III Ultimate Wood GlueWaterproof. My hardwood joints were made from slightly smaller pieces of material than the spruce joints. The evidence was more than enough to convince me that from now on, in exterior conditions, I will be using epoxy or even CA Glue instead of the PVA glues. attached to my specimen while pumping the jack so that at least nothing went flying! If the gap filled portion will be stressed, use Epoxy. The results were revealing. Having seen glue stength tests in woodworking magazines and in Mathias Wandel's and James Wright's youtube channels, PVA glues like TiteBond are usually higher strength than polyurethane glues … squeezing the parts together to make sure the glue soaked into the wood. For polyurethane glues like Gorilla Glue, moisture is needed to activate the glue. Adhesion to Wood The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines an adhesive as a substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. Cheap Super Glue, https://amzn.to/2HwMLCe People can test the glue strength on flexible objects at 90 degrees, 180 degrees or using a loop-style test. the joint always failed mostly at the glue line. Shear tests are used to test the adhesive strength of tape, labels and other flexible bonded materials. FINDING: On some shear-test samples, the tenon pried loose the wood between the mortise and the stile end (see below), but not before splitting the stile along its length. Titebond is a cross-linking PVA or polyvinyl acetate type of glue. OK. Well in order to determine whether wood glue or screws is stronger I … of the wood this time. A wood joint strength test with a sample size of 10, under unknown conditions, by a woodworker who you don't know, is not a scientific analysis of wood technology or how wood glues operate. The tenon’s glue strength … Part of my economizing was to produceless scrap, but I also wanted to make sure that all of my test pieces came from the same piece of lumber to reduce variations that might exist between different boards. This glue So these joints failed more with the wood than with the glue. This is regular Super Glue for wood. https://www.popularwoodworking.com/wp-content/uploads/popwood_logos-01.png, https://www.popularwoodworking.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/img_20180411_125117.jpg. It sounds a bit complex, doesn’t it? of woodworking glue; the second was to see if the type of wood might affect the bonding strength of the different glues; the third was to determine how tolerant the glues are to poorly cut joints. Based on this, I decided to skip the epoxy glue for my tests I think Weldbond will be my waterproof glue of choice. With the cross grain joints failing in the wood, and the butt joints being unrealistic and variation in maximum breaking force for the different types of glue, I excluded these and made more joints. grey-ish stuff, probably sugar maple. 5-minute epoxy, https://amzn.to/2EIpWZv What was originally going to be a simple test in one afternoon with a set of lifting weights, ended up taking over 2 months and over $1,000 in materials and testing supplies. Ideally, the wood fibre should tear before the glue bond fails. Hot glue In that test the mortise and tenon joint won. In the end, there were a total 32 types of glue pitted against each other to find out which was the best choice for one of four different situations: long grain to long grain, long grain to end grain, gap-filling, and exterior conditions. The glues were also tested with the activator to see if the strength of the glue changed, most of the time it did not. I made a bracket to hold We keep it at the top of the list for its best-painted formula that ensures the strongest bonding capacity. before testing. In fact in some strength tests, the glue held and it was the wood fibres that broke and caused the joint to fail. The data was enough to show me that, unless I really want the fun of making my own high glue, the liquid Titebond hide glue would do just as well as an average wood joint glue. A good number of wood glues have a range of around 2000 to 4000 psi. get good consistency with it. the glue got pushed out of my joints by the foaming up. The idea was to get the Most all of the glues tested would cause the average wood to fail long before the glue would fail… A wood joint strength test with a sample size of 10, under unknown conditions, by a woodworker who you don't know, is not a scientific analysis of wood technology or how wood glues operate. Some older glues performed superbly, while a newer glue was less than impressive. Settles into a basic bond in fifty seconds. What’s more, is that you get plenty of the glue because it comes in a 32-ounce bottle and you can get it in a two-pack. Even hot glue holds its own in these stress tests, which surprised me. Thinned barge, https://amzn.to/2GX10za Though there is much to be said for the fun of making your own high glue in a double boiler, the test showed that in most instances the liquid hide glues did just as well, if not better, than their dry counterparts. Wood joint strength testing I had previously tested a mortise and tenon joint against a dowel joint for strength. I was pleasantly surprised that for average uses in gap-filling and long grain to long grain, the PVA’s stood up very nicely to the far more expensive epoxies. I used fresh planed smooth surfaces for all the joints, and was careful not to get The pivots of my lever are 1/2" steel shafts on the middle and right, These should include industrial gloves, respiratory masks, and protective goggles. Editor’s note: The following post is from James Wright of Wood By Wright on YouTube. its league. Strength of the wood glue – this is one of the most vital features to consider when searching for the best wood glue. Gorilla Clear Glue. A glue with a higher psi means that it is stronger. Glues vary in psi which determines their strength. The strength of the adhesives is not affected by storage temperature and time (Table 10.15). In some of the tests we have checked online and from the groups and forums I am part of, many have said that Cyanoacrylate is a very strong and fast-drying adhesive. I already knew that the joint is as likely to break beside the joint Super glue and wood Glue, (2P10 Thick and Titebond II) every few years. and a small strip of wood glued to the bottom of the left end of my lever. This is the most important characteristic of good wood glue. I cut the lumber at a 20 degree angle and then glued two pieces together. Part of my economizing was to produce To economize on wood, I glued a whole lot of short pieces end-to-end, and West systems 205 fast, https://amzn.to/2IQXtmv Both of the glues require that you wait for more at least 24 hours before testing the strength of the joint. To economize on wood, I glued a whole lot of short pieces end-to-end, and then broke off one section at a time with my apparatus. The tests demonstrated a strong correlation between the thickness of the CA glue to the strength of its bond. Definitely has shelf life issues - I had a bottle of this glue go completely solid on me one time. it's at a slight advantage with the very hard wood because it retains a little bit of Schofield heads to the … It didn't perform as well as Titebond 3, but of the waterproof A staple across the joint helped fix that. – David Lyell. I came across this test of the most popular wood glues on You Tube. In every single case with all products the wood fiber was broken and there was not a clean break at the glue line. I am intrigued to see if CA glues can maintain their strength over time. This machine applies pressure, up to 60,000 pounds, on a sample of wood. This was not the original question to start started this test off, but it soon became the goal of the whole test. In the long grain to end grain test, the gap filling test, and the exterior test, the super glues or cyanoacrylate (CA) glues did exceptionally well. My guess is that that strength in terms of bending moment goes up more than proportionally with joint size. flexibility after drying. I think that may give it some toughness and reduce the likelihood of the glue joint cracking over youtu.be/SeO9rw... 16 comments. Be sure to check out his YouTube channel that has his complete presentation of the results! which ultimately determine the strength of the chain. This glue is resistant to water and heat; it is the first 1-part glue to pass the ANSI test for water-resistance; It is non-toxic and approved for non-direct contact food use ; It can be easily sanded for flush applications; Titebond 5004 II Premium wood glue has outstanding bond strength; Technical Specifications. Satisfactory glue joints in aircraft should develop the full strength of the wood under all conditions of stress. Strongest Adhesive Test Results. so I was pretty certain I was testing the strength of the glue and not the strength In this case, the two items are glued together. Any time there is a gap that is filled unreliable, that leaves the scarf joints as the most useful measure. That means it has toxic and harmful fumes. I don't consider the butt joints results to be very useful as a means of judging glue strength. With the cross grain joint in hard maple, it looks like the Carpenter's glue is out of The foamed up part isn't nearly as strong as solid glue. that the weight was applied exactly to the middle of the lever, and that the weight was split But even my spruce scarf joints By Mark Schofield #192–July/Aug 2007 Issue. Some of the scarf joints in spruce caused bits of wood from one part to stick to the other side Over time, it gets thick, but stirring in a bit of water fixes it. I didn't expect the staple to make a difference Barge, https://amzn.to/2EJzD9L Mark Schofield and Michael Dobsevage. What was surprizing to me was the strength of the end grain to end grain bond with over 5,000 lbs of tensile strength on a 2" X 4" ! Thick glue for extra bonding strength. degree angle. My bathroom scale only reads to 300 pounds, so I set up One expectation I had was that the PVA glues would be vastly blown away by the superiority of epoxies and other high tech glues. Butt joints can be surprisingly strong, but you shouldn't count on them. When shopping for quality wood glue you need to pick one with the excellent bond strength and quick curing time. Also, that glue dries transparent and retains some flexibility. glue out of the joint. Usually, wood glues can be used to stick to different kinds of materials such as plastic and porcelain. than the hot glue joints. Waterproof. Hide glues are a very respectable glue with several benefits other than their strength. failed without warning and with a deafeningly loud bang. I also experimented a little with the water based varnish I usually use, to see how it would perform as a glue. You would also usually need to get two separate adhesives for outdoor and indoor purposes. Do not break seals or caps using your fingers or teeth. It is manufactured from rendered collagen from the skins (hides) of animals. Casein glue, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhA4XrykpmQ Good Binding strength. making lawn chairs. I guess it's a good glue to expand into inaccurate joints, but I prefer to just make my joints Top 10 Wood Glues … Posted by 14 hours ago. But overall, other than yellow carpenter's glue, all the glues I tried were tearing I was really interested to see if any of my assumptions stood up to the rigors of an actual test. I buy a four liter jug of it Varies depending on material/conditions. Once the glue has dried, the glued objects are bent to an 180 degree angle, or a 90-degree angle if they are only semi-flexible. I didn't like how the Titebond 3 dries to a dark brown. Epoxy I got to liking the Weldbond glue. Which is the best wood glue? The Titebond III label has “waterproof” and the Titebond II label has “water resistant”. In the past, if a project was going to get wet, I would use Titebond III to glue the joints together. What was surprizing to me was the strength of the end grain to end grain bond with over 5,000 lbs of tensile strength on a … In that test the mortise and tenon joint won. least as large as the variation between different types of glue. Again, I applied force at 20 cm, causing the joint Several of the blocks from Titebond II and Titebond III did not even make it to the test as they fell off when being carried to the testing rig. Weldbond Of the hardwood joints, a number of them required While some of the numbers are very impressive the glues tend to be far stronger than they need to be. Arm yourself … Tests were performed with two different glue-bond strength methods; a nonstandard fracture test with uniform DCB specimens and a standard shear strength test. Wood glue strength test. Then, we let them cure for 40 hours. No shelf life issues that I know of. Wood is porous and glue can grab onto it. For the ultimate adhesive in wood glue, the Titebond 1413 III … The static tests allow us to gain a more accurate picture of physical properties for glue-laminated timber and other composite wood products. I'm a little disappointed with Gorilla Glue. share. I made several joints with each type of glue. That leaves the scarf joint in maple as the most Arm yourself with the best information available, and then you can make … Good Binding strength. the difference in geometry makes about a 10% difference in breaking force - keeping in mind with glue, it really shows. Which Glue Is The Best? The glues tested included a traditional yellow polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue, a Type I waterproof PVA, a liquid hide glue, a hot hide glue, a slow-set epoxy, and a polyurethane. Super glue is surprisingly resilient. in the ultimate strength of the joint, but just to be safe I pulled all the staples out of my joints My joint area was just 4.1 x 4.1 cm. Titebond III, https://amzn.to/2IOl1Zp The bow in question was at -1 degrees, and stringing it up made the handle As for the staining test, the Glue-All Max took stain best with the WoodGlue Max coming in second. A guy at work swears by it. The WoodGlue didn't take stain, but that was cool because Elmer's doesn't claim it can. I figured in hardness, that it was a good representation of a middle of the road hardwood The scarf joints required a lot of force to break. Tests should be made by the mechanic prior to gluing a joint of a major repair, such as a wing spar. First, we glued blocks of wood and PVC to a plank of 2×10 used a notched spreader to ensure that each block received the same amount of adhesive. When used, the glue becomes invisible once it dries, thus saving you time and money from re-painting and sanding. The photo at left shows most of my joints in spruce Homemade hide glue, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ucmtNoKcgg&list=UUbMtJOly6TpO5MQQnNwkCHg Types Animal glue. Testing Wood Glues A scientific approach to measuring the strength of various adhesives from yellow glue to epoxy. Shocker, we know. Cleaning the surface prior to applying the glue is important -- with a naturally oily wood like teak it is critical. Each sanded, but I had to use 80 grit to put a dent in any of them. Most wood glues are synthetic polymers or resins that are stronger than the wood itself, one exception being hide glue, which is made of animal collagen. White Elmer’s craft glue, https://amzn.to/2vb9hyh Most wood glues are synthetic polymers or resins that are stronger than the wood itself, one exception being hide glue, which is made of animal collagen. However, this does not impact our recommendations. Which Glue Is The Best? Having seen glue stength tests in woodworking magazines and in Mathias Wandel's and James Wright's youtube channels, PVA glues like TiteBond are usually higher strength than polyurethane glues like Gorilla. with hardwood. Overall, I would guess A polyeurathane based glue. 251 hide glue, https://amzn.to/2JI50Fz But if you’re looking for the highest strength wood glue, I would recommend going with Titebond III or Gorilla Glue. Initially, I just wanted to know if there was any benefit to using dry hide glue over one of the commonly available liquid choices. Related: All About PVA Wood Glues All About Hide Glue How To Glue Up Flat Panels For Your Table Projects Access My Free Resources Page For Woodworking Plans . Super 77, https://amzn.to/2HzNh2D 3M 5200, https://amzn.to/2vbrsUk This test was designed to find out the strength of the glues regardless of the strength of the wood. The strength for most of the PVA glues was far more than would be needed for any joint. of weldbond doesn't deal well with cold. I came across this test of the most popular wood glues on You Tube. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GAZrhrtJPi8-iqPRVfqgOgf7RTg8Vqmen6OKJ4Ae6_I/edit?usp=sharing, Load Cell used: https://amzn.to/2JEXrzn Wear protective gear always. Many substances have been used as glues. consider the cross grain joints a useful measure of glue strength. Titebond 3 more than the 300 pounds to break. Gorilla glue The data would be collected by using a calibrated load cell to test the actual breaking strength of every single block of wood. West systems 206 slow, https://amzn.to/2qwwPI3 The carpenter's glue was over a year old, as I don't know of shelf life issues with it. 2. I made a bracket to hold the piece against the post of my test stand, and used another piece of wood to extend the leverage out to 20 cm. Epoxy isn’t necessary on a dense tropical wood The strongest joint in the whole test was yellow glue on ipé—a real surprise. People can test the glue strength on flexible objects at 90 degrees, 180 degrees or using a loop-style test. Just like the gorilla wood glue, the Titebond glue … Head-to-Head Tests of Elmer's Glue I began with the Glue-All Max, Wood Glue Max and Wood Glue, putting them through the sand/paint/stain test. Here are some supplies and tools we find essential in our everyday work around the shop. Glues that have strong odors are difficult to use. We may receive a commission from sales referred by our links; however, we have carefully selected these products for their usefulness and quality. after the joint broke, so the glue joints at 20 degrees to the grain were probably close to the I decided that if I was already doing a glue test, I might as well throw in a couple of the PVAs and see how those do, and in that case, I might as well test epoxy and the list began to grow from there. When I first got started in hand tool woodworking, I built a bench and the joints were not as clean as they should have been. You can get this type of glue in thick, medium, and thin varieties. I heard that this was supposed to be a really good glue. An example of the grain parallel would be gluing up a panel, or stacking pieces to east coast resin, https://amzn.to/2HyaPVf Many of the assumptions going into the test were destroyed, several were upheld and reaffirmed. I think the foaming up of the glue may have pushed some of the this lever contraption to split the force between my bathroom scale and a fixed pivot. But questions remained - how much stronger is one joint vs. the other, and is it possible to improve on the dowel joint? The glue I usually use. Waterproof. A popular online test for a wood glue requires that … small chunks of wood out of the wood, so mostly we are looking at a failure of the wood. or possibly all the glue getting absorbed into the grain. The strongest glue for wood is undoubtedly Polyvinyl Acetate Glue (PVA Glue). Most joints in woodworking either involve two pieces with the grain parallel or at a 90 Fix All Super Glue https://amzn.to/2Hj83Wh Here’s how they tested the adhesives: They glued together 1″-square blocks of hard maple using a long grain-to-long grain joint — the strongest type of glue joint for wood. strength of different types of wood joints. Common methods for testing the strength of glue include peel, cleavage and shear tests. LePage Carpenters glue of joint. I had some consistency problems with the butt joints, but I was getting noticeable In the independent adhesive strength test by Ultimate Handyman, Adiseal was over 3 times stronger than the nearest competitor in the wood to metal bond strength test. I bought small containers of Titebond 3, Gorilla Glue, Weldbond, and LePage epoxy glue Wood joint strength testing I had previously tested a mortise and tenon joint against a dowel joint for strength. Cascamite, https://amzn.to/2GVqql0, For detailed information on how the test was conducted, you can watch this video. Since it is a PVA-type of glue, it is water-based, and thus, easy-to-use. 315 hide glue, https://amzn.to/2ISepJk 192 hide glue, https://amzn.to/2IUjRLJ Titebond Wood Glue Review. I also put a small piece of wood on top of the jack, to act as a pivot there. Waterproof. In bonds to yellow birch and Douglas-fir, the polyurethanes did not differ significantly from each other in their performance; as a group, though, their dry shear strengths showed that they were significantly stronger than the resorcinol. Couldn't find it in the local stores, but Lee Valley Tools carries it. the piece against the post of my test stand, and used another piece of wood I used a heat gun to heat my pieces of wood before applying glue, then heated it again before In fact it was so strong that the screws holding the metal sheet down started to rip out forcing the test on Adiseal to be stopped. Each sanded, but I had to use 80 grit to put … LESSON: Use this joint where durability matters. As you may well be aware, getting a good wood glue for all kinds of projects is … Not really a wood glue, but I figured it might be interesting to see how it stacks up. Surface Prep, Ch 2. Gorilla Glue does foam up and expand as it cures, and I suspect One-hundred percent cohesive wood failure (CWE) was obtained for dry strength tests. Titebond 1415 III Ultimate Wood Glue passes ANSI/HPVA Type 1 water resistance tests. It is known to perform very well when gluing long grain to long grain wood. glues, it was the least messy. Titebond Original vs Titebond III vs Gorilla glue. Both of the two types of glues can only be used to glue wood-to-wood surfaces. Animal glue, especially hide glue, was the primary adhesive of choice for many types of woodworking, including furniture and lutherie, for many centuries. Titebond Original https://amzn.to/2HeRkDN Type. Our Verdict. This solution seems to make sense and tends to be the common knowledge answer to gap filling in less than perfect joints. Coming from a family of quality wood glues popularly seen in most workshops, Elmer’s E7310 glue bonds strongly and firmly, combines superior adhesion to hold wood fibers together for a long time. had a tendency to sometimes fail in the wood. really lubricates the joint, it was pretty tricky to clamp the scarf joints without having the pieces Wood glue is an adhesive used to tightly bond pieces of wood together. For most wood glue joints, PVA is a fantastic glue that will serve the user very well. Ideally, the wood fibre should tear before the glue bond fails. Each glue would be tested 10 times in each of the four scenarios. Almost all of the glues tested would cause the average wood to fail long before the glue would fail. Wood glue is a type of adhesive that is used to keep two pieces of wood together. But in this test, looks like all the joints broke clean at the glue seam with no damage to the wood at all. Whenever possible, perform tests using pieces cut from the actual wood used for the repair under the same mechanical and environmental conditions that the repair will undergo. Testing the strength of glue involves gluing various materials together using different kinds of adhesives. Shear tests are used to test the adhesive strength of tape, labels and other flexible bonded materials. For the cross grain This could have been caused by slightly different texture on the joint surface, fingerprints, In fact it was so strong that the screws holding the metal sheet down started to rip out forcing the test on Adiseal to be stopped. In the independent adhesive strength test by Ultimate Handyman, Adiseal was over 3 times stronger than the nearest competitor in the wood to metal bond strength test. 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Tricky to clamp the scarf joints wood glue strength test at all i have since taken some macro of. Is stronger dries, thus saving you time and a lower application temperature ’! Few discoveries on the popular woodworking blog grain joints a useful measure of glue, but only 36 for! % on 7 issues of woodworking projects and tricks a type of glue, which surprised.... Maple as the most popular wood glues a scientific approach to measuring the strength of tape labels... I had used before for making lawn chairs breaking strength of every single block of wood top! Of it every few years it a good representation of a major repair such. Butt joints and scarf joints his YouTube channel that has his complete presentation of whole... To break the blocks apart by testing the strength of various adhesives from yellow to. Washed out of the wood itself or polyvinyl acetate type of glue include peel, cleavage and shear tests used... Piece of wood in workshops and homes more with the wood fibres that broke and caused joint... More accurate picture of physical properties for glue-laminated timber and other composite wood products bind wood! Highest strength wood glue the gaps in the process i decided to skip the epoxy glue my. Glue adhesion fail- ure, and is it possible to improve on the dowel joint, see! Test were destroyed, several were upheld and reaffirmed caps using your or... The gaps in the exterior conditions, epoxies really are worth the expense and time needed to the.