Schlumberger … Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. A trap or trapping mechanism is a change in the stratigraphy or a structural deformation that is capable of stopping the migration process and keeping the oil and gas in place over geologic time. After subsidence, a second depositional period occurs where additional sedimentary rocks are again deposited horizontally over the erosional surface. The study of the geological processes that create crude oil and natural gas reservoirs is referred to as Petroleum Geology. Contact Us, Privacy & Legal Statements | Copyright Information i have been searching geology of petroleum, … We will discuss this in more detail when we discuss Reservoir Traps later in this lesson. The second major category of hydrocarbon reservoirs is structural traps. These traps are common in areas where salt formations exist, such as in the Gulf of Mexico. All of human history is the briefest moment at the end of four billion years of … Geology itself is firmly based on chemistry, physics, and biology, involving … We will highlight the following four basic forms of traps in petroleum geology further: • Anticline Trap • Fault Trap • Salt Dome Trap • Stratigraphic Trap • Traps with the Fracture Network. During the depositional process, the environment can change over the geologic time scale: mountain tops and hilltops erode, sea-levels rise or lower, etc. After the second depositional period, the trap can be charged with crude oil to form the oil reservoir - the green area of the figure. I. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Examples of stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps are shown in Figure 2.07. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. 2.3: Basic Petroleum Geology. The Pennsylvania State University © 2020, Figure 2.04: Arch Rock Near State College, PA along Route 322, Figure 2.05: The Obelisk at the University Park Campus of Penn State, Figure 2.06: Typical Oil and Gas Reservoir Showing the Requirements for Conventional Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reservoirs, Source: Gregory King © Penn State University (, Figure 2.07: Stratigraphic Traps Resulting in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Accumulations, Figure 2.08: Structural Traps Resulting in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Accumulations, Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Lesson 1: Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Lesson 2: Origin and Occurrence of Hydrocarbons, 2.8: Undersaturated Black Oil (Low Shrinkage Oil) Reservoirs, 2.9: Saturated Black Oil (Low Shrinkage Oil) Reservoirs, 2.10: Undersaturated Volatile Oil (High Shrinkage Oil) Reservoirs, Lesson 3: Reservoir Engineering: Rock and Fluid Properties, Lesson 4: Reservoir Engineering for Oil Reservoirs, Lesson 5: Reservoir Engineering for Gas Reservoirs, Lesson 6: Production Engineering: Flow in Well Tubing, Lesson 7: Production Engineering: Well Intervention, Lesson 8: Drilling Engineering - Drilling Contracts, The Rig Crew, and Drilling Rigs, Lesson 9: Drilling Engineering: Drilling Rig Systems and the Drilling Process, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, iMPS in Renewable Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, BA in Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. It needs to be emphasized that although this figure consists of solid colored bands, these bands represent either porous or non-porous rocks. Primary objectives of the course are to broaden your geological vocabulary, explain selected geological principles and processes, and describe how certain petroleum … Figure 2.07 shows (a) a “pinch-out” trap and (b) an unconformity trap. Two commonalities that exist during the depositional process, even over the geologic time scale, are (1) the sediments and, consequently, the sedentary rocks that are lower in the stratigraphic column were deposited earlier than sediments higher in the stratigraphic column and (2) the layers of sediment are initially deposited horizontally. This video is my first video in a series about flipping the geophysics / geology / geoscience classroom. This, in turn, results in the possibility of greater quantities of oil and gas stored in the more porous rock. This gap in the geological record is caused by a past erosional period. in sedimentary rock formations is caused by tectonic forces acting on the rock after deposition and solidification. Print this Course. Print. As shown in this figure, all fluid migration is upward. This pathway is the Migration Path in the hydrocarbon system. BASIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SPONSORED BY DR. NORMAN J. HYNE, is a Certified Petroleum Geologist and President of NJH Energy. As we have already discussed, hydrocarbon reservoirs are typically associated with sedimentary rock formations. These materials are deposited as sediments at the point in the depositional environment where the wave and tidal energy can no longer support them. These salt intrusions can create hydrocarbon traps above and to the flanks of the intrusion as depicted in Figure 2.08c. Sudjati Rachmat, DEA Historical. These road-cuts often show cross-sectional outcrops of layered, deformed rock formations along the road-side. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION Ronald F. Broadhead, New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, a Division of New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology INTRODUCTION The … Read more Figure 2.08c shows traps along a salt dome. What is Basic Petroleum Geology? In this figure, the crude oil reservoir is represented by the green area encased in the black, impermeable layer. Basic Petroleum Geology for the Non-Geologist. There are five geological requirements for the formation of a conventional hydrocarbon reservoir: These geological requirements are illustrated in Figure 2.06. Pathway is the local geologic structure of the rock after deposition and solidification, basics of petroleum geology are most... First video in a series about flipping the geophysics / geology / geoscience classroom can also see that their! From this discussion, we can also see that in their original, natural State, sedimentary are... 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