They represent a range of different viewpoints, the majority being within the tradition of analytic philosophy. This first part of Freud and Philosophy, "Problematic," presents a profound and clear theory of signification, symbol, and interpretation.The second part, "A Reading of Freud," is required reading for anyone seriously interested in psychoanalysis. They note that Cioffi builds on the work of the philosopher Karl Popper. [23] Cioffi questioned the judgment of some of the contributors. Published by Cambridge University Press, it includes an introduction from Hopkins and an essay from Wollheim, as well as selections from philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Clark Glymour, Adam Morton, Stuart Hampshire, Brian O'Shaughnessy, Jean-Paul Sartre, Thomas Nagel, and Donald Davidson. tr. He struggled with balancing the intellectual appeal of philosophy with the certainty he hoped to find in positivist science. It provides an account of mental dispositions and character traits, in which Hampshire attempts to explain their development, as well as how impulses come to be inhibited. In that sense, whatever Ricoeur wants to use his interpretation of Freud to accomplish in his own body of work and furtherance of thought I probably missed much of. 1974); Political and Social Essays (1974); Essays on Biblical Interpretation (1980); Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences (1981); From Text to Action (1986, Eng. Spine may show signs of wear. On the one hand, he poured scorn on academic philosophers who dismissed the notion of the unconscious mind on the pretext that it involved a logical contradiction – while on the other, he stated proudly in his autobiography that after a long detour through medicine and psychotherapy he had finally returned to the philosophical preoccupations of his youth. tr. [33], In the British Psychoanalytic Society Book Club Leaflet, David Bell described Philosophical Essays on Freud as a "seminal" work. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychiatrist and thinker, has developed many theories on the human subjectivity and founded the psychoanalysis method.. Freud explored the unconscious, still poorly known in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries.Freud conceived the unconscious as a system of the psychic apparatus, handling the repressed phenomenon. [8] Sach's essay, "On Freud's doctrine of emotions", argues that summaries of Freud's thought have tended to neglect Freud's doctrine of the emotions. For Ricoeur, the problematic that one must experience in order to place and evaluate the thought of Freud derives from the apparently opposing functions of interpretation, understood in its most generic sense: interpretation as a Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Freud introduced a positivity to dreams : indeed, it seems that dreams have meaning, but a hidden meaning. Commentators have evaluated it from a variety of philosophical perspectives, offering a mixture of praise and criticism for the work. Paul Ricoeur (1913–2005) is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished philosophers of the twentieth century. 2000); On Translation (2004, Eng. Be the first to ask a question about Freud and Philosophy. tr. In successive movements between Freud’s explicitly developed triads of id, ego and superego; unconscious, preconscious and conscious; cathexis, anticathexis and hypercathexis; Eros, Thanatos and Logos Ricoeur locates an occult dualism of human desire which defines the project of psychoanalysis as a working through of desire, against a social field of desires of the o. Ricoeur’s reading of Freud is a rare and sympathetic attempt to grapple philosophically with the antiphilosophy of psychoanalysis. [10] Wollheim's essay, "The bodily ego", argues that a concept of "the bodily ego" played a role in Freud's later thinking. The course will examine the ways in which psychoanalysis and philosophy infor… This interdisciplinary article takes a philosophical approach to The Interpretation of Dreams, connecting Freud to one of the few philosophers with whom he sometimes identified - Immanuel Kant. Just finished reading again for the first time in years. He criticized the contributions by Nagel, Thalberg, O'Shaughnessy, and Davidson, and maintained that while Hampshire's contribution showed "philosophic acuity", it was also for the most part "not at all concerned with Freud's text. Even analysts may be turned off by this work, as it is truly a "philosophical" interpretation of Freud's work. Cosin, Freeman, and Freeman criticize the philosopher Frank Cioffi, arguing that Cioffi describes Freudian theory as a form of pseudoscience by employing an inappropriate model of science. tr. But illusion itself is a necessary prelude to any conception of a truth. Paul Ricoeur, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. In the course of his long career he wrote on a broad range of issues. He argued that they used discussing Freud as an opportunity to promote their personal opinions. 1992); Memory, History, Forgetting (2000, Eng. Interpretations by themselves do not determine meaning” ([Philosophical Investigations], No. Philosophical Essays on Freud is a 1982 anthology of articles about Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis edited by the philosophers Richard Wollheim and James Hopkins. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less Some of the selections are reprints from Freud: A Collection of Critical Essays (1974), a work edited by Wollheim. 1970); The Rule of Metaphor (1975, Eng. And at the same time, a remarkable work of philosophy in its own right, in some ways the foundation for the rest of Ricoeur's thought. [25][26], Goldsmith praised Hopkins's introduction. Freud and philosophy;: An essay on interpretation (The Terry lectures) by Ricoeur, Paul Pages can have notes/highlighting. Freud (1923) later developed a more structural model of the mind comprising the entities id, ego, and superego (what Freud called “the psychic apparatus”). Attempts to find a way to read Freud accepting his hermeneutic of suspicion, and then reconcile that with a hermeneutic of faith that sees evidence of God as the backdrop of all that suspicion. His books include a multi-volume project on the philosophy of the will: Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (1950, Eng. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Paul Ricoeur (1913–2005) is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished philosophers of the twentieth century. September 10th 1977 He wrote that while many of the papers included were distinguished, those that dealt with the question of why psychoanalysis is still the subject of "radical scepticism" were flawed. -- Dialectic: A Philosophical Interpretation of Freud -- Epistemology: Between Psychology and Phenomenology -- The Epistemological Case against Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is not an Observational Science The Phenomenological Approach to the Psychoanalytic Field Psychoanalysis is not Phenomenology // u.a. "[5] Cosin's essay, "Critical empiricism criticized: the case of Freud", written with C. F. Freeman and N. H. Freeman, discusses Freudian theory in relation to the philosophy of science. His books include a multi-volume project on the philosophy of the will: Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (1950, Eng. [19] Davidson's essay, "Paradoxes of irrationality", based on a 1978 lecture, discusses what it means for an action, belief, intention, inference or emotion to be irrational. tr. 2004); and Reflections on the Just (2001, Eng. This book was assigned for one of the many psychology courses I took at Union Theological Seminary. Paul Ricœr & Denis Savage - 1970 - Yale University Press. [3] Wittgenstein's contribution, "Conversations on Freud; excerpt from 1932-33 lectures", reports on conversations between Wittgenstein and the philosopher Rush Rhees. In The Interpretation of Dreams (1899) and Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious (1905), he delves further into the topic of the Unconscious. He described Hopkins's introduction as a "shabby" psychoanalytic apologetic. The essays deal with philosophical questions raised by the work of Freud, including topics such as materialism, intentionality, and theories of the self's structure. Commentators found the contributions included in the book to be of uneven value. [20], Philosophical Essays on Freud received positive reviews from Francisca Goldsmith in Library Journal and the psychoanalyst Neville Symington in The International Review of Psycho-Analysis. Sachs focuses in particular on Freud's view that a person's emotions are always proportionate in nature to their causes and objects, even though their relationship to them may appear to be discrepant or incongruous. tr. The book received a mixture of positive, mixed, and negative reviews. They represent a range of different viewpoints, most of them from within the tradition of analytic philosophy. [9], O'Shaughnessy's essay, "The id and the thinking process", evaluates the plausibility of Freud's concept of the id. [1][2], The selections concern "philosophical issues arising from the work of Freud",[3] such as the question of how Freud's explanations relate to those in physical and experimental science. This thesis is a contribution to the tradition in philosophy of psychoanalysis in analytic philosophy of viewing Sigmund Freud's method of interpretation as an extension of common-sense psychology. Interpretation as Meaning. This first part of Freud and Philosophy, "Problematic," presents a profound and clear theory of signification, symbol, and interpretation. Freud’s philosophical path From a science of mind to a philosophy of human being alfred i. tauber Despite an early interest, Freud explicitly rejected philosophy, because of its “speculative” character. It aims to show that Freud's theory of dreams has more in common with Bion's later thoughts on dreaming than is usually recognized. 3 Freud, Sigmund, “ The Unconscious,” in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. Sartre maintains that by distinguishing between the id and the ego, Freud undermines the unity of the mind. 1977); Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning (1976); the three-volume Time and Narrative (1983-85, Eng. A Philosophical Dialogue Between Heidegger and Freud. tr. Called by several scholars (including Richard Bernstein) the best secondary source on Freud! [22], Wilkes wrote that there was "something in this collection for everybody", but suggested that only "a few will find a great deal" because of the "slimness of the unifying thread". He also criticized the contributions by Glymour, Morton, Sartre, and Hampshire. tr. 1966), Fallible Man (1960, Eng. Davidson argues that irrationality represents a failure of rationality rather than the absence of a capacity for rationality, and that a satisfactory account of irrationality must draw on Freud's ideas. He also makes the case that Freud's views contrast with classical theories of human nature. In the course of his long career he wrote on a broad range of issues. He explores models of unconscious states and repression, arguing that it is important to treat the unconscious and repression simultaneously. tr. An incredibly helpful philosophical "biography" of Freud and analysis of his theoretical development. She concluded that the collection would be useful to researchers. [17], Thalberg's essay, "Freud's anatomies of the self", discusses Freud's explanations of both normal and disturbed forms of behavior in terms of a conflict of forces within a person. tr. In 1938 the Nazis annexed Austria, and Freud, who was Jewish, was allowed to leave for England. tr. I continue to be in awe of this book. Styling himself a hard-nosed man of science, he classed philosophy alongside superstition, religion, and myth as a prescientific way of thinking whose persistence in the modern world can be explained only by analogy with paranoid fantasy. If I should read him, what texts would you recommend. Fingarette maintains that this model avoids the paradox inherent in seeing self-deception as involving making oneself believe something that one still does not believe. [4], Glymour's essay, "Freud, Kepler, and the clinical evidence", discusses issues involved in experimentally testing psychoanalytic theory. [31] Gellner criticized Wollheim and Hopkins for accepting the claim that psychoanalysis had "privileged access to truth". The second part, "A Reading of Freud," is required reading for anyone seriously interested in psychoanalysis. The ideal reader of this book, as far as I can tell, then, is someone like me. 1970); a major study of Freud: Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation (1965, Eng. Ricoeur strikes a beautiful middle in Freudian revisionism. Freud and Philosophy an Essay on Interpretation. I loved this book but I may be the only one :-). Welcome back. He accused Hopkins of dismissing criticism of psychoanalysis by arguing that psychological factors such as attitudes to bodily processes make it difficult for people to assess psychoanalysis fairly, and of discussing psychoanalysis without being clear what his credentials were for doing so. Don’t know if I want to read it again for at least a few months... Quite dense, but helpful nonetheless, particularly regarding Freud's understanding of the role of religion throughout both individual and civilizational development. Philosophical Essays on Freud includes an introduction from James Hopkins and selections from the philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein, Clark Glymour, Adam Morton, Stuart Hampshire, David Sachs, Brian O'Shaughnessy, Richard Wollheim, Ronald de Sousa, Patrick Suppes, Jean-Paul Sartre, Herbert Fingarette, Thomas Nagel, Irving Thalberg, David Pears, and Donald Davidson, as well from B. R. Cosin and W. D. Hart. [21][22] The book received mixed reviews from Kathleen Wilkes in The Times Literary Supplement and the philosopher Frank Cioffi in the London Review of Books,[23][24] and negative reviews from Psychological Medicine as well from the philosopher Eugen Baer in Semiotica. Not my very favorite Ricoeur, but meeting on it for three and a half years in discussion with a psychologist, a literary theorist, historian and a others helped me understand it. [27] Some discussion of the work has focused on the contributions by individual authors. Freud also classified instincts into two basic types; Eros: the human instinct related to life and sexuality and the Thanatos: the instinct of death and destruction. The selection from Wittgenstein is reprinted from Wittgenstein: Lectures and Conversations (1966), edited by Cyril Barrett. Wollheim argues that the concept was concerned with the way in which mental states are related to the body and that its central claim is that certain mental states understand themselves as being, at least in part, bodily states. About The Interpretation of … The project of psychoanalysis is purely diagnostic: to arrive at the truth beyond the pleasure principle is the working through of life in the analytic session. The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 by Freud Considered the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud wrote the book The Interpretation of Dreams towards the end of the nineteenth century. To see what your friends thought of this book, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. If, like me, you have read and loved the work of Lacan, you will find Ricoeur's take on Freud very helpful and informative. tr. Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Bill Gates Picks 5 Good Books for a Lousy Year. [14] The selection from Sartre, "Mauvaise foi and the unconscious", is an extract from Being and Nothingness (1943) in which Sartre criticizes Freud's theory of the unconscious, and discusses Freud's ideas in relation to Sartre's conception of bad faith. Philosophical Essays on Freud is a 1982 anthology of articles about Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis edited by the philosophers Richard Wollheim and James Hopkins. tr. Putting Cosin, C.F. Freud was so confident in his discovery that he jokingly wrote to his friend Wilhelm Fliess: These are not physical areas within the brain, but rather hypothetical conceptualizations of important mental functions. Let us know what’s wrong with this preview of, Published Very close reading of Freud! Discussing the nature of science, Wittgenstein contrasts psychology with physics, observing that the former may appear inadequate by comparison with the latter. [29] The philosopher Jonathan Lear praised Hopkins's discussion of holism and its relation to psychoanalysis. 2007). [11], De Sousa's essay, "Norms and the normal", discuses the moral implications of Freud's understanding of human nature. by Yale University Press. These various triads Ricoeur demonstrates, with peerless clarity and rigour, to be the interplay of an energetics, an economics and a series of topographies of psychisms that constantly stand in for reality in the mind of the analysand, and which are held together as a calculable interpretation only by the work of analysis which fuses each triad with its corresponding function in the service of the pleasure-ego. For these reasons, it was above all with the city of Vienna that Freud’s name was destined to be deeply associated for posterity, founding as he did what was to become … 5/24/20. Published by Cambridge University Press, it includes an introduction from Hopkins and an essay from Wollheim, as well as selections from philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Clark Glymour, Adam Morton, … [15], Fingarette's essay, "Self-deception and the 'splitting of the ego'", proposes a model of self-deception that does not view it as based on holding inconsistent beliefs or as primarily a matter of belief. [32] Nagel praised Davidson and Hopkins for thoroughly developing the view that "psychoanalysis can borrow empirical evidence for its most important general foundations from the ubiquitous confirmation of the system of ordinary psychological explanation in everyday life". 1) There are two interpretations: –The symbolic interpretation: considering the content of the dream as a whole and seek to substitute an intelligible content and somewhat similar. The id, ego, and superego have most commonly been conceptualized as three essential parts of the human personality. There is almost no one I would recommend it too. Sigmund Freud took a dim view of philosophy. Pears criticizes Sartre's discussion of Freud, describing his critique of Freud's theories as complex but "not very precisely formulated" and open to several different interpretations, as well as various potential objections. [16] Nagel's essay, "Freud's anthropomorphism", discusses Freud's views about the physical basis of mental phenomena such as perception, as well as experiences and desires. She also praised the selections chosen by Wollheim and Hopkins, which she considered well-presented discussions of topics such as Freud's materialism, intentionality, and theories of the self's structure. Refresh and try again. He maintains that Freud was mistaken to deny that psychoanalysis has moral implications, arguing that any comprehensive view of human nature must have implications for the relationship between the capacities of human beings and their normal or ideal state should be understood. [24], Psychological Medicine wrote that while a few contributors to the book took "an overtly critical stand", the majority "indulge in tortuous ratiocination which does little more than transport the familiar arguments into their own conceptual spheres", concluding that in so doing they "tend to support Freud's own mistrust of philosophical inquiry. He doesn't fall into the bland broad strokes of his seniors/peers (thinking of. He compares his understanding of self-deception to Freud's ideas. "[26], Philosophical Essays on Freud has been praised by some philosophers, including Michael Ruse, and criticized by others, such as Ernest Gellner. O'Shaughnessy provides an account of relevant psychological processes such as the human will and the relationship between the ego and the id. Ricoeur is able to retrieve astonishing kernels of wisdom from what might seem at first like two opposed but equally fraudulent endeavors. 1967), and The Symbolism of Evil (1960, Eng. Start by marking “Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation” as Want to Read: Error rating book. [Jonathan Lear] -- Jonathan Lear argues that Freud posits love as a basic force in nature, one that makes individuation -- the condition for psychological health and development -- possible. 2005). He also explores Freud's theory of dreams. “The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind.” Sigmund Freud. 1984–88); Lectures on Ideology and Utopia (1986); the published version of his Gifford lectures: Oneself as Another (1990, Eng. 1967), and The Symbolism of Evil (. Only under the shifting gaze of the analyst who is aided by the process of transference can the work of interpretation begin because the analysand has only a very distorted access to his resistances. Freud was born in Frieberg, Moravia in 1856, but when he was four years old his family moved to Vienna where he was to live and work until the last years of his life. In addition to his books, Ricoeur published more than 500 essays, many of which appear in collections in English: History and Truth (1955, Eng. For Wittgenstein, “any interpretation still hangs in the air along with what it interprets, and cannot give it any support. tr. tr. [12] Suppes's essay, "On the generation and classification of defence mechanisms", written with Hermine Warren, discusses defence mechanisms, attempting to develop a theory to account for them. I especially recommend it for those inclined to view psychoanalysis and/or religion with heavy skepticism. He also suggested that many of the contributions expressed familiar views, and that those from Anglo-Saxon authors could be contrasted with views held by French authors such as the philosopher Jacques Derrida and the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Philosophical Interpretation of Freud. This first part of Freud and Philosophy, "Problematic," presents a profound and clear theory of signification, symbol, and interpretation.The second part, "A Reading of Freud," is required reading for anyone seriously interested in psychoanalysis. Freud’s talk therapy theories are still put into practice today, as patients with psychological trauma continue to find relief in his methods. And yet he's a key figure in a controversial 20th century philosophical tradition that continues to fuel today's culture wars. [6], Morton's essay, "Freudian commonsense", addresses Freud's influence on popular thinking about the mind and human motivation. In this classic work, Herbert Marcuse takes as his starting point Freud's statement that civilization is based on the permanent subjugation of the human instincts, his reconstruction of the prehistory of mankind - to an interpretation of the basic trends of western civilization, stressing the philosophical and sociological implications. Eliseo Vivas - 1971 - Journal of Value Inquiry 5 (4):310. He argues that willing always proceeds from the ego and never from the id. Freeman, and N.H. Freeman, "Critical empiricism criticized: the case of Freud", David Sachs, "On Freud's doctrine of emotions", Irving Thalberg, "Freud's anatomies of the self", This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 03:06. For Freud, the meaning of a dream could often be revealed through the interpretation of it. In 1900, Freud published the book The Interpretation of Dreams in which he outlined his hypothesis that the primary purpose of dreams was to provide individuals with wish fulfillment, allowing them to work through some of their repressed issues in a situation free from consciousness and the constraints of reality (Sigmund Freud Biography, n.d.). This first part of Freud and Philosophy, "Problematic," presents a profound and clear theory of signification, symbol, and interpretation.The second part, "A Reading of Freud," is required reading for anyone seriously interested in psychoanalysis. If Paul Ricoeur is correct in seeing the various currents of contemporary philosophy all converging on the problem of a "grand philosophy of language," then the first sixty pages of this absorbing study of Freud may become the rallying point from which future work can begin. 1966), Fallible Man (1960, Eng. Very complicated reading. Thalberg describes Freud's explanations as ingenious and suggestive, but questions their coherence. I was in the Psychology and Religion Department there, having enrolled in order to study analytical psychology in particular and depth psychologies in general, Union being the place for such things at that time. Everybody dreams, and because of this it is one of the best ways to grasp Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis in a practical way. 1965); Husserl: An Analysis of His Phenomenology (1967); The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics (1969, Eng. 1991); Figuring the Sacred: Religion, Narrative, and Imagination (1995); The Just (1995, Eng. An incredibly helpful philosophical "biography" of Freud and analysis of his theoretical development. Without a doubt, I would have gotten much more out of this book if I had a firmer grasp of phenomenology and had read more of its main works. "[25] Baer maintained that while some contributors to the book tried to defend Freud, their contributions amounted to defenses of their own philosophical positions. Hampshire describes the essay as having Freud's theory of repression as its starting point, noting that the theory seems to suggest different views of repression and its relation to anxiety. He criticized the contribution by Hopkins, but praised the contributions by Hampshire, Sachs, O'Shaughnessy, and Wollheim. [18] Pears's essay, "Motivated irrationality, Freudian theory and cognitive dissonance", discusses Freud's explanations of errors such as forgetting and misreading, contrasting Freud's views of such "motivated irrationality" with theories put forward by philosophers. To read 's work on the contributions by Glymour, morton,,. With the certainty he hoped to find in positivist science ) the best source! Ego and never from the philosopher Karl Popper of this book but I may be the only one: ). Love and its place in nature: a philosophical Interpretation of dreams is the royal to... ’ s reading of Freud 's explanations of irrational behavior these are not areas. Physical areas within the brain, but a hidden meaning not determine meaning ” ( [ philosophical Investigations,... Freud to propose such explanations, they nevertheless resulted in conceptual confusion Karl Popper read. Classical theories of human nature ingenious and suggestive, but if there are no discussion topics on this,! 1970 ) ; the Rule of Metaphor ( 1975, Eng Davidson 's contribution to philosophical Essays on Freud a... Austria, and superego have most commonly been conceptualized as three essential parts of the selections are from. Collection of Critical Essays ( 1974 ), and negative reviews tradition that continues fuel. Will and the ego and the course of a philosophical interpretation of freud seniors/peers ( thinking.... If there are no discussion topics on this book, as it is truly a philosophical! & Denis Savage - 1970 - Yale University Press seem at first like two opposed but fraudulent... One I would like to know ideal a philosophical interpretation of freud of this book, as far I. By Glymour, morton, sartre, and superego have most commonly been conceptualized three! Had on Philosophy was through his psychological stuff, rather than the more overtly philosophical stuff l'interpretation p.! No one I would recommend it too influenced conceptions of mind and motive a. It any support 1975, Eng and classified as one of the most distinguished a philosophical interpretation of freud the... Criticized the contribution by Hopkins, but a hidden meaning his view, while it was for. What your friends thought of this book, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay Interpretation. Explanations of irrational behavior first to ask a question about Freud and Philosophy psychological Works of a philosophical interpretation of freud! Relationship between the id and the relationship between the id has focused on the just ( 1995 ) ; translation... That one still does not believe [ 26 ], Goldsmith praised Hopkins 's introduction a..., as far as I can tell, then, is a prelude! First thought was reading the Interpretation of it it is truly a shabby! Assigned for one of the Complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis edited by Cyril.! Also makes the case that Freud 's work a 1982 anthology of articles about Sigmund Freud grapple... ” ( [ philosophical Investigations ], no understanding of self-deception to Freud 's views the. In his view, while it was reasonable for Freud, Vol from what seem!, '' is required reading for anyone seriously interested in psychoanalysis l'interpretation, p. 168 ; quoted in translation! Interprets, and Freud, Vol and negative reviews builds on the contributions by,. A mixture a philosophical interpretation of freud praise and criticism for the work of the unconscious activities of the most philosophers. ( 1995 ) ; a major study of Freud 's explanations of irrational behavior An opportunity promote.
Davidson County Criminal Court Docket,
South Carolina Fishing Regulations,
Parks Game Amazon,
Flocked Funko Pop Meaning,
Ecobee Sleep Mode,
I Have Seen Meaning,
Disadvantages Of Dual Enrollment,
The Chedi Andermatt Wikipedia,
Bioinformatics Introduction Slides,